This research attempts to explore the impact of banking competition on financial stability employing more precise measure of market power. It was found that Islamic banks are less stable and are enjoying lower market power. The analysis shows that higher market competition makes the banking sector vulnerable to defaults, supporting the "competition-fragility view". This research finds no difference in the relationship for Islamic banks indicates that Islamic banks might be involved in traditional banking activities as conventional banks. The results are consistent and robust to different estimation approaches and subsamples. This research carries regulatory and policy implications.

The main purpose of this research is to figure out the most effective determinants that play a vital role in enhancing the effectiveness of the internal Shari'ah audit in the Islamic banking industry. This paper reviews the existing literature to build comprehensive knowledge that would assist in determining the main factors that impact on the effectiveness of Shari'ah audit in Islamic banks. This research proposes a conceptual framework of factors that impact on Shari'ah audit effectiveness in IBs based on previously published studies. The proposed framework includes external and internal factors as well as internal Shari'ah audit structure, process and requirements. First, the regulators need to provide a detailed framework for Shari'ah audit which covers the main requirements for effective Shari'ah governance. Second, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) need to pay more attention to following the Shari'ah audit process in order to achieve the objective of effective Shari'ah governance. Finally, the dearth of empirical research on the role and effectiveness of Shari'ah audit in Islamic banking highlights the need to develop an appropriate methodology to enhance the study of the effectiveness of Shari'ah governance practices. The Shari'ah ensures compliance with its rules and regulations and enhances the soundness and credibility of the Islamic finance industry. This study identifies a number of issues that require further investigation in order to establish a better system of Shari'ah audit and to identify the factors that affect Shari'ah auditing practices. This paper is unique in covering the main elements that have influence on the effectiveness of Shari'ah audit and proposes them in one framework.

Market discipline is one of the main pillars for stability and resiliency in banking system (Basel II, 2004). The mechanism of market discipline primarily relies on the role of depositors who receive timely information and act accordingly through their respective accounts. Empirical evidence shows the presence of market discipline, whereby non-insured depositors react to risk factors of the bank accordingly by either withdrawing their deposit (quantity mechanism) or demanding higher return (price mechanism). In tandem with conventional banking system, Islamic banking also emphasize on market discipline, signified by the global standard number 4 issued by Islamic Financial Services Board in 2007. However, unlike conventional banking, market discipline in Islamic Banking is conjectured to work via profit-loss sharing system. That is, the role of Profit Sharing Investment Account (PSIA) holders who are exposed to the variability of profit generated from their investment. The intriguing question of whether PSIA would be more effective and efficient in implementing market discipline remains an ongoing debate. Even there is no empirical study attempts to address this issue. Therefore, we perform empirical research to discover it.

Market discipline is one of the main pillars of stability and resiliency in the banking system. The mechanism of market discipline primarily relies on the role of depositors who receive timely information and act accordingly through their respective accounts. In this study, we use generalized method of moments panel technique for 44 Islamic banks across different regions to research the presence of market discipline in the global Islamic banking system, focusing on the behaviour of the PSIA holders and their role in the governance of Islamic banks. These results have a significant policy implication in reviewing the framework governing the Islamic banks.

This paper examines the effectiveness of the bank lending channel in a dual banking system in Malaysia, where both conventional and Islamic banks operate alongside each other. It also investigates the impact of bank competition on lending channels in financial systems. Using panel data from both Islamic and conventional banks in Malaysia, our findings indicate the ineffectiveness of the bank lending channel. Further, the empirical results suggest that the impact of monetary policy on bank lending does not depend on bank competition. In other words, the effectiveness of the lending transmission channel does not depend on the market power of the individual banks. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the lending channel appears to be independent of whether the bank is Islamic or conventional. This result is probably explained by the fact that the vast majority of Islamic banks in Malaysia are subsidiaries of conventional banks. Policymakers therefore do not need to differentiate between conventional and Islamic banks in regard to the effectiveness of the bank lending channel.

Recent calls for risk-sharing - as expounded in the 2012 Kuala Lumpur Declaration, the 2014 Jeddah Declaration and the 2014 International Monetary Fund statement - elucidate the present situation of Islamic banking and finance: an acknowledgement that risk sharing is a "salient characteristic" of Islamic financial transactions on the one hand and that it is "not deeply embedded" on the other. The objective of this practical evidence-based research paper is to address this schism between prescription and practice. It recapitulates the principles underpinning risk sharing and the reasons why it is integral to the Shar??ah and why (as stated in the Declaration) risk transfer and risk shifting violate a Shari'ah principle. he paper presents preliminary research utilizing empirical data from Malaysian Islamic banks and the Malaysian stock market as a proxy for the real economy. It considers newly enacted Malaysian legislation, the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA), from the perspective of its aim to more clearly define the products and activities of Islamic banks.

Market discipline is one of the main pillars for stability and resiliency in banking system (Basel II, 2004).The mechanism of market discipline primarily relies on the role of depositors who receive timely information and act accordingly through their respective accounts. Empirical evidence shows the presence of market discipline, whereby non-insured depositors react to risk factors of the bank accordingly either by withdrawing their deposit (quantity mechanism model) or demanding higher return (price mechanism model), although there is an interactive relation between the both mechanisms (interactive dynamic model). In tandem with conventional banking system, Islamic banking also emphasize on market discipline, signified by the global standard number 4 issued by Islamic Financial Services Board in 2007 ...